innovative
Tuesday, 23 September 2014
Monday, 22 September 2014
ALBERT EINSTEIN
Albert
Einstein
Albert Einstein
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Albert Einstein in 1921
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Born
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Died
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Residence
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Germany,
Italy, Switzerland, Austria, Belgium, United States
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Citizenship
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Fields
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Institutions
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Notable awards
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Signature
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Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-borntheoretical
physicist and philosopher of
science. He
developed the general theory of
relativity, one of
the two pillars ofmodern physics (alongside quantum mechanics). He is best known in popular culture for his mass–energy
equivalenceformula E = mc2 (which
has been dubbed "the world's most famous equation"). He received
the 1921 Nobel Prize in
Physics"for
his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the
law of the photoelectric effect".The latter was pivotal in
establishing quantum
theory.
Near
the beginning of his career, Einstein thought that Newtonian mechanics was no longer enough to
reconcile the laws ofclassical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic
field. This led
to the development of his special theory of
relativity. He
realized, however, that the principle of relativity could also be extended
to gravitational fields, and with his subsequent theory of
gravitation in 1916, he published a paper on the general theory of relativity.
He continued to deal with problems of statistical
mechanics and
quantum theory, which led to his explanations of particle theory and the motion of molecules. He also investigated the thermal properties of light which
laid the foundation of the photon theory of light. In 1917,
Einstein applied the general theory of relativity to model the large-scale
structure of the universe.
He
was visiting the United States when Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933 and, being Jewish, did not go
back to Germany, where he had been a professor at the Berlin Academy of
Sciences. He
settled in the U.S., becoming an American
citizen in
1940. On the eve of World War II, he endorsed a letter to President
Franklin D. Roosevelt alerting
him to the potential development of "extremely powerful bombs of a new
type" and recommending that the U.S. begin similar research. This
eventually led to what would become the Manhattan Project. Einstein supported defending the Allied forces, but
largely denounced the idea of using the newly discovered nuclear fission as a weapon. Later, with the British philosopher Bertrand Russell, Einstein signed the Russell–Einstein
Manifesto, which
highlighted the danger of nuclear weapons. Einstein was affiliated with
the Institute for
Advanced Study in Princeton, New
Jersey, until
his death in 1955.
Einstein
published more than 300 scientific papers along with over 150
non-scientific works. His intellectual achievements and originality have
made the word "Einstein" synonymous with genius.
Saturday, 20 September 2014
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